24 October, 2014

Textile Innovation - Week Two

Non-traditional fibre sources

  • Paper
Paper fibers come from the renewable resources of pine trees, cotton, rice and abaca, a form of banana plant

Recent developments in Japan have introduced paper content fabrics with a softer handle

With a high strength & good light fastness, paper textiles are recyclable

Used also for accessories & floor-coverings
  • Bast fibre
Fibers such as nettle, jute and ramie are derived from the inner fibrous stem material of certain plants.

Some crops can offer environmental & social benefits for local native farmers and should be encouraged.

Health giving herbs like loubuma from China produce textile fibre plus beneficial herbal remedies and medication
  • Leaf fibre
A minority area as only a few plants have the necessary commercial attributes for economic fibre production

Agave, pineapple and banana are sources of supply

From naturally renewable resources, fibers are hard wearing & strong

Uses include floor coverings, fibers for paper, accessories, shoes and rope
  • Hemp
Man's oldest cultivated fibre, hemp is a versatile crop where every part has a use

It has natural strength, UV resistance, thermal properties & durability

This naturally renewable resource requires little agricultural assistance

Hemp is now seen in denim and casual sports fabrics, interior and domestic textiles. In non-woven form it is used for insulation in cars
  • Seed hair fibres
Cotton is a commercial source of seed hair fiber. these are the more unusual sources

The fine, light & silky short fibers are used for insulation and fibre filling

Coir is hard wearing & abrasion resistant, used for flooring coverings, geotextiles and ropes

They are natural renewable resource, and often grown in areas of limited agricultural potential
  • Bio-fibres
Biotechnology is a growing area, as we seek replacements for oil based fibres

Dextrose from plants can create a PLA fibre with an acceptable 360 life cycle

Spider silk is a biologically engineered fibre being investigated via genetic modification

Castor beans, milk, bamboo & soya are all new sources of fibre & polymers

Textiles are also being experimentally 'grown' from fermented yeast bacteria with links to tissue culture. 
  • Alginate
Produced from brown sea weed, alginate fibers have natural healing properties from the iodine content

Blended with cellulose fibers, fabrics are used in underwear that imparts anti-inflammatory and antiseptic benefits to the skin

In medical applications, non woven alginate fibers hasten blood clotting and  encourage healing on damaged skin

They are used as non-woven burn and skin dressings
  • Man-made synthetics
Polyethylene, PVC, polypropylene and polyurethane are all forms of synthetics from non renewable oil-based resources

All have properties of high strength, can be heat set, and provide a wide variety of different products for industrial, medical, sports, and medical textiles

Fibers and products can be recyclable
  • Peat
Peat fibre is produced form organic plant remains found in Scandinavia peat bogs

They have good thermal properties, UV resistance, are antistatic with natural antiseptic properties

Fabrics have a warm woolen felted handle and are produced organically

Used in woven & knitted fabrics for clothing, blankets, interior products and footwear
  • Metal Fibers
Aluminium, copper & steel are the metals used in textiles to impart functional textiles to impart functional and aesthetic properties

Metal-content fibers have the ability to memories a predetermined shape and react to heat

They can assist in protecting against electromagnetic radiation, and are detectable by radar and heat-seeking devices


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